all my citations!

Abbott Animal Hospital. “American Shorthair.” Abbott Animal Hospital, 2026, https://www.abbottanimal.com/services/cats/breeds/american-shorthair. Accessed 15 February 2026.

American Heartworm Society. “Heartworm in Dogs.” American Heartworm Society, 2025, https://www.heartwormsociety.org/heartworms-in-dogs. Accessed 14 February 2026.

American Kennel Club. “Beagle Dog Breed Information.” American Kennel Club, 2026, https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/beagle/. Accessed 14 February 2026.

American Kennel Club. “Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dog Breed Information.” American Kennel Club, 2026, https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/cavalier-king-charles-spaniel/. Accessed 14 February 2026.

American Kennel Club. “Chihuahua Dog Breed Information.” American Kennel Club, 2026, https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/chihuahua/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

American Kennel Club. “German Shepherd Dog.” American Kennel Club, 2026, https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/german-shepherd-dog/. Accessed 14 February 2026.

American Kennel Club. “Labrador Retriever Dog Breed Information.” American Kennel Club, 2026, https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/labrador-retriever/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

American Veterinary Medical Association. “Canine parvovirus.” American Veterinary Medical Association, 2026, https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/canine-parvovirus. Accessed 14 February 2026.

The Best Friends. “Pit Bulls: Everything You Need to Know.” The Best Friends, 2026, https://bestfriends.org/pet-care-resources/pit-bulls-everything-you-need-know. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Boldan, Melissa. “Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV).” PetMD, 6 February 2023, https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/infectious-parasitic/feline-leukemia-virus-felv. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Bornemeier, Olivia. “Dog Basics: The Anatomy of a Dog.” PetFriendly Box, 2025, https://petfriendlybox.com/resource-center/anatomy-of-a-dog. Accessed 14 February 2026.

The Cat Fanciers' Association. “American Shorthair.” The Cat Fanciers' Association, 2025, https://cfa.org/breed/american-shorthair/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

The Cat Fanciers' Association. “Egyptian Mau.” The Cat Fanciers' Association, 2025, https://cfa.org/breed/egyptian-mau/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

The Cat Fanciers' Association. “Maine Coon Cat.” The Cat Fanciers' Association, 2024, https://cfa.org/breed/maine-coon-cat/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

The Cat Fanciers' Association. “Russian Blue.” The Cat Fanciers' Association, 2025, https://cfa.org/breed/russian-blue/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

The Cat Fanciers' Association. “Siamese.” The Cat Fanciers' Association, 2024, https://cfa.org/breed/siamese/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Cavalier Crazy Rescue. “About Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.” Cavalier Crazy Rescue, 2015, https://www.cavaliercrazyrescue.org/ccr-blog/about-cavalier-king-charles-spaniels. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Coates, Jennifer. “FIV in Cats.” PetMD, 30 April 2024, https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/infectious-parasitic/fiv-cats. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Cornell University. “Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.” Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2025, https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers- and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health- information/feline-health- topics/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. “Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV).” Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2021, https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-immunodeficiency-virus-fiv. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. “Feline Leukemia Virus.” Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2024, https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-leukemia-virus. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. “Hyperthyroidism in Cats.” Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2017, https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/hyperthyroidism-cats. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. “Polycystic Kidney Disease.” Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2026, https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/polycystic-kidney-disease. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Craig, DiAnne. “10 Health Problems Common in Pit Bulls.” Walkin' Pets, 2024, https://walkinpets.com/blogs/blog/common-health-issue-pit-bulls?srsltid=AfmBOooqESpN04NeI6-6tUJMPwBFER6PYSMDIpxYqSQEP-SMHY4_d1_p. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Deluty, Sarah. “Maine Coon Care: 5 Tips & Common Health Issues.” Sploot Veterinary Care, 27 February 2025, https://www.splootvets.com/post/maine-coon-care-health-issues. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Diener, Michelle, and Jennifer Coates. “Labrador Retriever Dog Breed Health and Care.” PetMD, 4 January 2026, https://www.petmd.com/dog/breeds/labrador-retriever. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Dockweiler, Jenna. “Progressive retinal atrophy.” Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2025, https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-topics/progressive-retinal-atrophy. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Dogswell. “They Are What They Eat: The Importance of Dogs' Digestive Systems – Dogswell.” Dogswell, 2022, https://dogswell.com/they-are-what-they-eat-the-importance-of-dogs-digestive-systems/. Accessed 14 February 2026.

The Farmer's Dog. “The Beagle Guide: History, Personality, Food, Training, Care, and More.” The Farmer's Dog, 29 October 2023, https://www.thefarmersdog.com/digest/the-beagle- guide-history-personality-food-training-care-and- more/?utm_source=google_nonbrand&utm_medium= paid_search&utm_campaign=23359180010-nb_condition_ltv2&utm_content=evergreen_788090072577&utm_ term=190184748436-bea. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Grzyb, Katie, et al. “Chihuahua Dog Breed Health and Care.” PetMD, 20 February 2024, https://www.petmd.com/dog/breeds/chihuahua. Accessed 14 February 2026. Happy Pets Team. “German Shepherd Dog Breed Information | Price, Traits & Care.” Happy Pet India, 24 June 2025, https://www.happypet.care/dog-breeds/german-shepherd. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Hart, Hannah, and Brittany Kleszynski. “Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Cats.” PetMD, 31 January 2025, https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/cardiovascular/feline-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-hcm-cats. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Hunter, Tammy, et al. “Progressive Retinal Atrophy in Dogs.” VCA Animal Hospitals, 2023, https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/progressive-retinal-atrophy-in-dogs. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Huston, Lorie, and Melissa Boldan. “Hyperthyroidism in Cats: Symptoms and Treatment.” PetMD, 9 December 2025, https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/endocrine/c_ct_hyperthyroidism. Accessed 15 February 2026.

The International Cat Association. “Egyptian Mau.” TICA, 2025, https://tica.org/breed/egyptian-mau/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

The International Cat Association. “Maine Coon.” The International Cat Association, 2026, https://tica.org/breed/maine-coon/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

The International Cat Association. “Russian Blue.” The International Cat Association, 2026, https://tica.org/breed/russian-blue/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

The International Cat Association. “Siamese.” The International Cat Association, 2025, https://tica.org/breed/siamese/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

The International Cat Association. “Snowshoe.” The International Cat Association, 2024, https://tica.org/breed/snowshoe/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

International Cat Care. “Pica in Cats.” International Cat Care, 19 March 2025, https://icatcare.org/articles/pica-in-cats#pica-explained  . Accessed 15 February 2026.

Kearley, Michael, and Melissa Boldan. “Pica in Cats: What It Is, Symptoms, and Treatment.” PetMD, 9 December 2025, https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/behavioral/pica-cats. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Kearley, Michael, and Brittany Kleszynski. “Lymphoma in Dogs: Symptoms, Stages, and Treatment.” PetMD, 2025, https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/cancer/c_dg_lymphoma. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Lane County. “Tips for Pit Bull Owners.” Lane County, 2016, https://www.lanecountyor.gov/government/county_ departments/public_works/general_ services/animal_services/tips_for_pit_bull_owners. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Leeson, Janelle. “American Shorthair Cat Breed Health and Care.” PetMD, 21 August 2023, https://www.petmd.com/cat/breeds/american-shorthair. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Leeson, Janelle. “Siamese Cat Breed Health and Care.” PetMD, 3 April 2023, https://www.petmd.com/cat/breeds/siamese. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Leeson, Janelle. “Snowshoe Cat Breed Health and Care.” PetMD, 6 February 2024, https://www.petmd.com/cat/breeds/snowshoe-cat. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Life with Siamese Cats. “Siamese Cat Behavior - More Like Dogs Than Cats?” Life with Siamese Cats, 2019, https://www.life-with-siamese-cats.com/siamese-cat-behavior.html. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Linden Veterinary Clinic. “The canine and feline urinary system.” Linden Veterinary Clinic, 2024, https://lindenvet.co.za/the-canine-and-feline-urinary-system/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Lovejoy, Jamie, and Michael Kearley. “Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) in Dogs.” PetMD, 16 December 2024, https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/digestive/gastric-dilatation-volvulus-gdv-syndrome. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Malmanger, Ellen, and Michael Kearley. “Parvo in Dogs and Puppies: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment for Canine Parvovirus.” PetMD, 31 January 2025, https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/infectious-parasitic/parvo-in-dogs. Accessed 14 February 2026.

McKenna, Laura. “Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) or “bloat.”” Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2025, https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-topics/gastric-dilatation-volvulus-gdv-or-bloat. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Morrison, Barri. “Chihuahua Breed: Characteristics, Care & Photos.” Chewy, 15 December 2025, https://www.chewy.com/education/dog-breeds/chihuahua#health. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Morrison, Barri J., and Teresa Manucy. “German Shepherd Dog Breed Health, Care, and Training.” PetMD, 16 October 2025, https://www.petmd.com/dog/breeds/german-shepherd. Accessed 14 February 2026.

My Pet Nutritionist. “A Brief Guide To Dog Anatomy.” My Pet Nutritionist, 2021, https://mypetnutritionist.com/post/a-brief-guide-on-dog-anatomy/. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Pendergrass, JoAnna. “How Many Bones Does Your Dog Have? A Fascinating Analysis - PetLab Co.” PetLabCo, 22 August 2024, https://thepetlabco.com/learn/dog/health-wellness/how-many-bones-does-a-dog-have? Accessed 14 February 2026.

Petco Editorial Team. “Life with a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.” Petco, 2025, https://www.petco.com/content/content-hub/home/breeds/dog-breeds/cavalier-king-charles-spaniel.html?cm_mmc=PSH|GGL|OMNI|CC|NA|NA|sXHMvH5f5nGUY3xcV19sPy |0|0|0|0&gclsrc=aw.ds&gad_source=1&gad_ campaignid= 22779737892&gbraid=0AAAAAD97F1590Iko99yUxK8AT3XG4JuwS&g. Accessed 14 February 2026.

PetMD Editorial. “Kidney Disease Caused by Multiple Cysts in Cats.” PetMD, 19 January 2009, https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/endocrine /c_ct_polycystic_kidney_disease. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Purina. “Labrador Retriever Dog Breed Information.” Purina, 2025, https://www.purina.com/dogs/dog-breeds/labrador-retriever. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Russell, Laura, and Molly Price. “Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: Signs, Causes, and Treatment.” PetMD, 29 January 2026, https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/cardiovascular/mitral-valve-disease-dogs. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Sanderson, Sherry Lynn. “The Urinary System of Cats - Cat Owners.” Merck Veterinary Manual, 2018, https://www.merckvetmanual.com/cat-owners/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders-of-cats/the-urinary-system-of-cats. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Sandton Veterinary Clinic. “Canine and feline musculoskeletal system.” Sandton Veterinary Clinic, 2024, https://www.sandtonvetclinic.co.za/canine-and-feline-musculoskeletal-system/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Schubert, Thomas. “Parts of the Nervous System in Dogs.” Merck Manual Veterinary Manual, 2018, https://www.merckvetmanual.com/dog-owners/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders-of-dogs/parts-of-the-nervous-system-in-dogs. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Scott, Jim. “Understanding Your Cat’s Digestive System: Anatomy, Common Problems & Gut Health Tips.” RAWZ, 13 July 2023, https://rawznaturalpetfood.com/cat-digestive-system/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Seymour, Kristen. “Russian Blue Cat Breed Health and Care.” PetMD, 10 May 2023, https://www.petmd.com/cat/breeds/russian-blue. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Spielman, Bari. “Structure and Function of the Respiratory Tract in Cats.” PetPlace, 3 August 2015, https://www.petplace.com/article/cats/pet-health/structure-and-function-of-the-respiratory-tract-in-cats. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Ushi, Georgina. “American Pit Bull Terrier Health and Care.” PetMD, 2025, https://www.petmd.com/dog/breeds/american-pit-bull-terrier. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Vetcheck. “2024 Ultimate Veterinary Guide to Dog Anatomy with Images.” VetCheck, 2013, https://vetcheck.it/dog_anatomy/. Accessed 14 February 2026.

VIDA Veterinary Care. “How To Care For Beagles.” VIDA Veterinary Care, 2026, https://www.vidavetcare.com/dog-breed/beagle/. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Weir, Malcolm, et al. “Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs.” VCA Animal Hospitals, 2023, https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/mitral-valve-disease-in-dogs. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Weir, Malcolm, and Catherine Barnette. “Lymphoma in Dogs.” VCA Animal Hospitals, 2022, https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/lymphoma-in-dogs. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Wells, Virginia. “Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System in Cats.” PetPlace, 3 August 2015, https://www.petplace.com/article/cats/pet-health/structure-and-function-of-the-cardiovascular-system-in-cats. Accessed 15 February 2026.

Wells, Virginia. “Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System in Dogs.” Pet Place, 2015, https://www.petplace.com/article/dogs/pet-health/structure-and-function-of-the-cardiovascular-system-in-dogs. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Willamette Veterinary Hospital. “Nervous.” Willamette Veterinary Hospital, 2024, https://wilvet.com/interactive-animal/feline/nervous/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

WIllamette Veterinary Hospital. “Respiratory.” Willamette Veterinary Hospital, 2025, https://wilvet.com/interactive-animal/canine/respiratory/. Accessed 14 February 2026.

Willamette Veterinary Hospital. “Respiratory.” Willamette Veterinary Hospital, 2023, https://wilvet.com/interactive-animal/feline/respiratory/. Accessed 15 February 2026.

YuMove. “Understanding your cat's digestion.” YuMOVE, 26 July 2024, https://yumove.co.uk/blogs/cat-expert-advice/understanding-your-cats-digestion. Accessed 15 February 2026.